Confirmation Bias - 945 Words

What is Confirmation Bias? Confirmation bias is a tendency of people to prefer information that reinforces a thought or believe that they have. People demonstrate this bias when they retain information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way. The effect is stronger for emotional issues and for deeply rooted beliefs. (Science Daily) Examples of Confirmation Bias There are many everyday examples of people using confirmation bias behavior. A student doing research on only one side to an argument for a paper to confirm their thesis may fail to fully search the topic for information that is inconsistent with what they are writing about. Also a reporter who is writing an article on an important issue may only interview†¦show more content†¦The confirmation bias also affected her perspective of The Children’s Place. She created a belief on false premises making claims that were not true. She created a vague hypothesis in her mind and because of her actions it was enough evidence to prove her hypothesis to be true. Reducing Confirmation Bias When it comes to making a purchase, there are some ways to reduce a confirmation bias. For starters, a person can try their best to set equal standards for all evidence regardless of whether or not it supports or challenges their current view. A person should always be open to changing their mind. On a personal level, a person can reduce a bias by slowing their thinking process down. Instead of going with their gut feeling to buy a product right away, they can take the chance to shop around. It can make a person more moderate and can have them start doubting their initial beliefs and start seeing the other side of the argument. People can make an effort to overcome the confirmation bias by deliberately seeking evidence that contradicts their own viewpoints. Conclusion In all, I believe every person is a perpetrator at some point when it comes to using a confirmation bias. We all second guess ourselves and try to convince ourselves that we made the best decision possible in our actions. It is a bias that we are all guilty of, but it is important to be aware of one’s biases instead of becoming ignorant. Works Cited Nickerson, R. (1998).Show MoreRelatedPsychology And Cognitive Science, Confirmation Bias ( Or Confirmatory Bias )1074 Words   |  5 PagesIn psychology and cognitive science, confirmation bias (or confirmatory bias) is a tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one s preconceptions, leading to statistical errors. It is a type of cognitive bias and represents an error of inductive inference toward confirmation of the hypothesis under study. Confirmation bias is a phenomenon wherein decision makers have been shown to actively seek out and assign more weight to evidence that confirms their hypothesis, andRead MoreConfirmation Bias In Dante Alighieris The Divine Comedy700 Words   |  3 Pagesabout in society, hostile to tolerance and unity. Veiled as knowledge, this enemy threatens both learning and growth. It’s name is â€Å"confirmation bias†. Coined in the 1960’s by English Psychologist Peter Wason, confirmation bias is defined as an individual’s tendency to seek out and to favor information that confirms their previously held assumptions. Confirmation bias was no new phenomenon, however, as it is referenced throughout history. Even in Dante Alighieri’s The Divine Comedy, when AquinasRead MoreEssay on Prisoners of Silence915 Words   |  4 Pageswoman believes despite evidence because she has seen her daughter make up words for objects she doesnt know the name. Her belief ha s been discredited, but she has found a reason it might be true. Another concept illustrated is that of the Confirmation Bias. It is defined as a tendency to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions and is very similar to belief perseverance in the case of Prisoners of Silence. In this case, the participants of facilitated speech are much more inclinedRead MoreWhat Does The Prosecution Of Wrongful Convictions?1884 Words   |  8 Pagesvision According to Burke (2005), four separate aspects of cognitive bias contributes to the-the maintenance of denial of new evidence in prosecutorial decision making: confirmation bias, selective information processing, belief perseverance, and the avoidance of cognitive dissonance. Confirmation bias leads people to seek and interpret information in a way that supports a view they already hold to be true. While selective bias leads information to be more easily remembered in a way that confirmsRead MoreConfirmation Bias And Non Critical Thinking Qualities1382 Words   |  6 PagesTo thoroughly analyze how and to what extent confirmation bias and non-critical thinking qualities have contributed and essentially modified my overall approach to the Meeting of the Minds project, I first have to clarify the meaning of the terminologies that may need some defining and recapping, for they are not words that would come up in a casual conversation. This will be especially useful for me to be able to accurately address how these readings and discussions over the last few weeks haveRead MoreThe Drunkard s Walk I Had Confirmation Bias832 Words   |  4 PagesBefore I read The Drunkard s Walk I had confirmation bias (haha) towards it. I had seen last years statistics students carrying the book around. It looked really interesting to me and after reading the summary on the back, I had wanted to check it out. When Mr. Letzring told everyone we would read it, some people were disappointed. I by no means enjoy reading, but I was excited to see what the Drunkard s Walk had to bring. I thought it would contain more equations and less conceptual ideas andRead MorePreliminary Bias And The Wason 2-4-6 Paradigm1221 Words   |  5 PagesIn this experiment, we will investigate whether previous participation in a confirmation bias experiment plus full knowledge of confirmation bias and the Wason 2-4-6 paradigm will lead to a higher initial success rate with future testing. A confirmation b ias usually occurs when participants are trying to confirm their beliefs during an experiment. During these experiments, participants results varied between confirmatory and disconfirmatory. The Tukey HSD that was performed for the experiments showedRead MoreSalary Negotiations1732 Words   |  7 Pageswas in favor of both parties. Psychological Biases: There were a couple of biases * Confirmation bias – I was overconfident about the decision I had made and thought that the increment was fair based on the information I had. I never thought that there might be some information which could change the sales figure and show that he had actually achieved an increase in sales for Top Flite. This bias could have cost me dearly had I not realized it after talking to my counterpart over the negotiationRead MoreReflective Report On Negotiation1539 Words   |  7 Pagesthe aforementioned reasons, the results were equivalent to other group outcomes, which reinforced my view that the negotiation had been successful. What impact did cognitive bias have on the negotiation? In hindsight, the confirmation bias played a salient role in the group’s negotiation experience. The confirmation bias is a psychological phenomenon whereby an individual seeks information in their surroundings and interactions that endorse and verify their existing beliefs or opinions. This wasRead MoreDoes Cognitive Bias Influence The Patterns We Exist?1529 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion is to what extent does cognitive bias influence the patterns we see in life? Cognitive bias is defined as pattern of distortion in perception and a deviation from rational decision; irrationality Decision-making, belief and behavioral biases. If a person was to look into human sciences and mathematics as ways of knowing, he or she would determine that cognitive bias is present every time a person sees a pattern. However, they are unable to see the bias for themselves because of the selectivity

Analysis Of William Faulkner s I Lay Dying - 1486 Words

On the back of my edition of As I Lay Dying there is a quote from William Faulkner on the subject of his novel. The quote says: I set out deliberately to write a tour-de-force. Before I even put pen to paper and set down the first word I knew what the last word would be and almost where the last period would fall. The end result is a work of precision and care. Each word has been carefully chosen and carefully ordered to create his â€Å"tour-de-force†. This can be both a comfort and a frustration to a reader. On the one hand, a reader has a good deal more motivation to go looking for answers if they know that there is indeed an answer to be found. A reader can trust that Faulkner knows what he’s doing. On the other however, Faulkner’s deliberation means that not one word can be left unstudied nor one phrase unparsed if a reader wishes to fully grasp Faulkner’s intentions. At present, I do not believe myself to be fully capable of deciphering all of the no vel’s layers, but I will make an attempt to understand a particular phrasing which I believe to be rather significant, that is, the title. At first the words of the title, â€Å"As I Lay Dying†, seem to be spoken by Addie Bundren, as she is the only character who actually dies during the span of the novel. But Addie’s death occurs well before the halfway point has been reached, so she can’t be the speaker or, at least, she can not be the only speaker. The first person narration of the novel allows for every character to be, for someShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Faulkner s I Lay Dying 1713 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Faulkner confessed â€Å"It’s much more fun to try to write about women because I think women are marvelous, they’re wonderful, and I know very little about them.† He did not attempt to disguise this amusement considering many of his works involve the presence of women who serve to be pivotal characters. Faulkner is known as one of the most prominent writers in the literary world. Faulkner is from the southern United States- Oxford, Mississippi, to be exact. His expertise was the Southern GothicRead MoreWriting Styles Of Ernest Faulkner And The Sun Also Rises By Earnest Hemingway And As I Lay Dying1528 Words   |  7 PagesPassudetti English 11 AP Period 5 21 November 2014 Writing Styles of Hemingway and Faulkner The style of an authors writing can often be the key to understanding the emotions and thoughts that they want to convey onto the reader. Sometimes the comparison of various authors can show how different styles of writing bring different events and characters into play. This is particularly true with the authors William Faulkner and Earnest Hemingway. Their writing styles are exponentially different, but bothRead MoreEssay about Addie Bundren in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying2831 Words   |  12 PagesAddie Bundren in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying Woman is the source and sustainer of virtue and also a prime source of evil. She can be either; because she is, as man is not, always a little beyond good and evil. With her powerful natural drive and her instinct for the concrete and personal, she does not need to agonize over her decisions. There is no code for her to master, no initiation for her to undergo. For this reason she has access to a wisdom which is veiledRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 PagesWorn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic Monthly in February, 1941, is the tale of Phoenix Jacksons journey through the woods of Mississippi to the townRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 PagesWorn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic Monthly in February, 1941, is the tale of Phoenix Jacksons journey through the woods of Mississippi to the town ofRead MoreEssay on Georg Lukacs, quot;the Ideology of Modernismquot;7555 Words   |  31 Pagesto set himself in opposition to the literary movement that had superseded realism in the West, modernism (writers like James Joyce, William Faulkner, Robert Musil, and so on). This essay is his attempt to distinguish the two absolutely, in favor of course of realism. Basically, for Lukacs (and for the Soviet Union), modernism is the last desperate cry of a dying economic system, capitalism. As late capitalism crumbles, it generates more and more alienation and meaninglessness in its citizensRead MoreModernist Elements in the Hollow Men7051 Words   |  29 Pageshimself†. Although his poetry was subject to important transformations over the course of his career, all of it is characterized by many unifying aspects typical of modernism. It employs characters who fit the modern man as described by Fitzgerald, Faulkner and others of the poet’s contemporaries. It is marked by its tendency to bring together the intellectual, the aesthetic and the emotional in a way that both condemns the past and honors it. The poet expressed modernism as a new system of thoughtRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 PagesMonday, 26 October 2009 Preface This dissertation titled ART AS A RENDEZVOUS OF MYTH AND MIND: A PSYCHOANALYTIC AND MYTHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF O V VIJAYAN’S THE LEGENDS OF KHASAK explores how the judicious selection and use of literary theory can account for the universal appeal of The Legends of Khasak, a belated self translated rendering of a famous regional work in Malayalam, Khasakkinte Ithihasam authored by the eminent writer O V Vijayan, and thus assert its artistic value. Divided into fourRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 PagesP A R T 1. A N A L Y Z I N G F I C T I O N MODULE 1 1.1. The fictional world of a literary work Literature is writing that can be read in many ways. We can read it as a form of history, biography, or autobiography. We can read it as an example of linguistic structures or rhetorical conventions manipulated for special effect. We can view it as a material product of the culture that produced it. We can see it as an expression of beliefs and values of a particular class. We can also see a work of literatureRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†

Back to School Play list 2011 by Various Artists free essay sample

Well, here we are again. School is in session! Of course, all of the normal stuff that you need for the new school year is on your shopping list: new backpack, pencils, paper, and, who could forget, a new, totally awesome outfit for the all-important first day of school. But, wait a minute! We forgot a sweet play list for those long, boring homework nights and, of course, we need something to jam to during prom. Thats why I got you covered with the following list of songs to a put a good groove into your school day. 1. My Girls Ex-Boyfriend by Relient K. This is an energetic rock song by these Christian rockers who showcase their awesome songwriting talents with their creative lyrics about how a guy somehow got the girl of his dreams. 2. Never Going Back to Okay by The Afters is probably one of the biggest hits ever made by this band. We will write a custom essay sample on Back to School Play list 2011 by Various Artists or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And its no wonder since this song has a beat all of its own that makes this song so recognizable. With unforgettable lyrics and an uplifting spirit this the perfect song to put on your play list for prom. 3. Good Day by AllStar Weekend. Using their unique mixture of rock beats and techno licks, this is the perfect song to start off your long school day and jam to with your friends during your homework sessions. 4. We Werent Born to Follow by Bon Jovi is the perfect song for all of us who want to stand out from the crowd this school year. With soulful vocals, true-to-life lyrics, and an unbelievable guitar solo, its no wonder that this song has become another hit for Bon Jovi to add to their already substantial and legendary hit-list. 5. No Average Angel by Tiffany Giardina definitely has a pop base but its rock flares spice up the beat a little and make this song worthy for both poppers and rockers alike. 6. Picture to Burn by Taylor Swift expresses everything that we wish we had the guts to say to those certain exes of ours, and with Taylors perfected balance of country and rock beats its the best theme song for all of those heartbreaks that you and your friends will encounter this school year. 7. I Need a BreakBut Id Rather Have a Breakthrough by Rocket Summer. This up and coming band has already proved themselves to be one of the next big things in music, and with their wonderfully energetic and soulful style, I cant wait to see what the Rocket Summer puts out next. 8. Move Along by The All-American Rejects. A classic for this generation and a perfect track for your back to school play list. Also be sure to check out the totally creative music video for one of the most memorable hits of the 2000s. 9. Awakening by Switchfoot is a true awakening for any listener. With its power rock edge and sing-along chorus, its no wonder that this track has been named another hit for the guys of Switchfoot. 10. Telephone by Lady Gaga featuring Beyonce. Its electric chorus and power-house vocals of two of todays best female singers makes this song absolutely irresistable. So, there you have it; some of todays and yesterdays best hits put in a play list that will help you get through those boring all-night study sessions and even give you some awesome jams for that all-important prom night. And congratulations to the class of 2011! We did it!!! And enjoy!

Company Rationale on Lululemon free essay sample

Athletica I am choosing a company that I absolutely love as a consumer and because of their brilliant marketing strategies they have positively put in place in this competitive market. Before I even stepped into a store I was lured to them through their use of uplifting and inspiring quotes that they strategically place on their store bags when you purchase something from them. It caught my eye and as I saw more women carrying these bags I had to ask someone one day â€Å"where did you get that, I see them everywhere! † That was about 3 years ago and I am completely hooked on the brand. It identifies mostly with the athletic community, women and now men that want more than just yoga, dance, running, or biking gear. It is a complete active lifestyle brand which promotes a healthy and positive way of life. I can honestly say I wear it nearly every day, for working out or running around the city doing errands. We will write a custom essay sample on Company Rationale on Lululemon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have a slight addiction to the brand clearly. It is comfortable and sheik active ware. It is on the pricey side for some. Ranging from a $48 sports bra to $178 outer jacket. I can stand by justifying the price because of the quality. They offer free alterations and will even â€Å"defuzz† the items if you bring them in. Being in the retail industry I appreciate the level of amzing service you get from the second you walk in the door. Lululemon is one of my happy places! Lululemon basically operates on a grassroots business model; the rest of the yoga industry is operating on the â€Å"big† sports brands style. An example according to the â€Å"Wall Street Journal† article, yoga-inspired clothing manufacturer lululemon is employing unconventional and inexpensive marketing strategies. While other fitness-wear lines pay crazy money for big name celebrities to push their lines, lululemon appoints community ambassadors and doesn’t pay for them, instead giving them $1000 worth of product and inviting them to teach for free in their stores. They are selling amazing products while providing free services to everyone such as free yoga classes and running clubs and so much more. The mission statement of lululemon athletica is really the lululemon manifesto, which is a list of ideas and life philosophies for healthy and positive living. If the lululemon manifesto is embraced by all lululemon athletica employees in the workplace, it would create a definite culture and a unique way of doing business and interacting with the public. And since that is one of the primary purposes of a mission statement, the lululemon manifesto is positioned to guide the company in creating a unique niche and future retailing success. The company is currently a singular brand with more than the estimated $1 billion in revenue in the $15 billion dollar market place for women’s athletic wear. The company was founded in 1998 by Chip Wilson of Vancouver, BC, Canada. It is a publicly traded company but prides itself on excellence with over 200 stores and just shy of 3,000 employees. It is known in the industry as one of the happiest places to work. The strong corporate culture includes managers and employees that must fit a certain profile, which incorporates numerous different management strategies. This entails living a healthy lifestyle and being a strong team player. Lululemon Athletica is managed in two key ways: both as a high commitment firm and as a firm that adheres to human relations theory. They create a demand which is only available in our stores and showrooms, on our website and a small number of strategic partners. They do not have back stock or reorder. Once it sells through it is gone! I have found this out the hard way. They have new deliveries roughly every 3 weeks. I know this from being a customer and asking. I personally want to be one of the first to have my pick when things are newly arrived to the stores. Their products are made for humans, by humans, sometimes products don’t quite turn out the way imagined. If they made too much or have products with visual or minor functional defects, they make them available through our factory outlets and the occasional warehouse sale. For products that just don’t make the grade they work with deBrand to reuse and recycle the product. I am clearly passionate about this brand and for a fairly newer company in the market I think it will be constantly reinventing itself to becoming one of the most known and popular athletic brands of all time.

Psychology Twin and Equal Environment Assumption Essay Example

Psychology: Twin and Equal Environment Assumption Paper Are people product of their genes or the choices made in there lives ? 2. Methodology Boucher first went to find sets of minimization twins who were separated early in life, reared apart for all of most of their lives, and reunited as adults. Each twin completed approximately 50 hours of testing on nearly every human dimension you might imagine. They completed four personality trait scales, three aptitude and occupational interest inventories, and two intelligence tests. In addition the participants filled in checklists of household belongings (such as power tools, telescope, original artwork, unabridged dictionary) to assess the similarity of their family resources, and a family environment scale that measured how they felt about the parenting they received from their adoptive parents. They were also administered a life history interview, a psychiatric interview, and a sexual history interview. All Of these assessments were carried out individually so that there was no possibility that one twin might inadvertently influence the answers and responses of the other. . Results / Conclusions These findings indicate that genetic factors (or the genome) appear to account for most of the variation in a remarkable variety of human heartsickness. This finding was demonstrated by the data in two important ways. One is that genetically identical humans (minimization twins), who were raised in separate and often very different settings, grew into adults who were extraordinarily similar, not only in appearance but also in basic psychology and personality. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology: Twin and Equal Environment Assumption specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology: Twin and Equal Environment Assumption specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology: Twin and Equal Environment Assumption specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second demonstration in this study of the dominance of genes is the fact that there appeared to be so little effect of the environment on identical twins who were raised in the same setting. Heres Boucher and Lackeys take on these discoveries: For almost every behavioral trait so far investigated, from reaction time to religiosity, an important fraction Of the variation among people turns out to be associated with genetic variation. This fact need no longer be subject to debate; rather, it is time to consider its implications. . Discuss one example of the significance of the study or one criticism directed toward the research equal environment assumption (I. E. , Joseph, 2002). This argument maintains that many of the conclusions drawn by Boucher and Liken about genetic influence assume that MS and ADZ twins raised together develop in identical environments. These critics maintain that such an assumption is not valid and that fraternal twins are treated far more differently than are identical twins. This, they contend, draws the entire method of twin research as a determinate of genetic influences into question. However, several other articles have refuted this criticism and supported the equal environment assumption. 5. Discuss one example of subsequent research in this area or recent applications of this study. In 1999, Boucher reviewed the nature-nurture evidence from the Minnesota twin registries (Boucher, 1999). He concluded that, overall, 40% of the variability in personality and 50% variation in intelligence appears to be genetically based. He also reiterated his position discussed earlier that your genes drive your selection of environments and your selection or avoidance of specific personality-molding environments and behaviors. Research at the Minnesota twin centers continues to be very active. Some fascinating research has examined very complex human heartsickness and behaviors that few would have even guessed to be genetically driven, such as love, divorce, and even death 6. Reflection Discuss what you learned from the study This study explains how many people who have lived in non-comforting settings for example living with a alcoholic mother who did not raise you with norms or love end up being successful in life not following your mothers footsteps. Your Personality who you are comes in your genes and how you use them how you make decisions and the way you think is the choices you have made in life .

U.S. Penitentiary Administrative Maximumâ€ADX Supermax

U.S. Penitentiary Administrative Maximum- ADX Supermax US Penitentiary Administrative Maximum, also known as ADX Florence, the Alcatraz of the Rockies, and Supermax, is a modern super-maximum security federal prison located in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains near Florence, Colorado. Opened in 1994, the ADX Supermax facility was designed to incarcerate and isolate criminals deemed as being  too dangerous for the average prison system. The all-male prison population at ADX Supermax includes inmates who experienced chronic disciplinary problems while at other prisons, those who have killed other prisoners and prison guards, gang leaders, high-profile criminals, and organized crime mobsters. It also houses criminals who could pose a threat to national security including Al-Qaeda and U.S. terrorist and spies. The harsh conditions at ADX Supermax have earned it a place in the Guinness Book of World Records as being one of the most secure prisons in the world. From the prison design to the daily operations, ADX Supermax strives for complete control over all prisoners at all times. Modern, sophisticated security and monitoring systems are located inside and along the outside perimeter of the prison grounds. The monolithic design of the facility makes it difficult for those unfamiliar with the facility to navigate inside the structure. Massive guard towers, security cameras, attack dogs, laser technology, remote-controlled door systems, and pressure pads exist inside a 12-foot high razor fence that surrounds the prison grounds. Outside visitors to ADX Supermax are, for the most part, unwelcome. Prison Units When inmates arrive at ADX, they are placed in one of six units depending on their criminal history. Operations, privileges, and procedures vary depending on the unit. The inmate population is housed at ADX in nine different maximum-security housing units, which are divided into six security levels listed from the most secure and restrictive to the least restrictive. The Control UnitThe Special Housing Unit (SHU)Range 13, an ultra-secure and isolated four-cell wing of the SHU.Special Security Unit (H Unit) for terroristGeneral Population Units (Delta, Echo, Fox, and Golf Units)Intermediate Unit/Transitional Units (Joker Unit and Kilo Unit) which houses prisoners entered into the Step-Down Program which they can earn their way out of ADX. To be moved into the less restrictive units, inmates must maintain clear conduct for a specific time, participate in recommended programs and demonstrate a positive institutional adjustment. Inmate Cells Depending on which unit they are in, prisoners spend at least 20, and as many as 24-hours per day locked alone in their cells. The cells measure seven by 12 feet and have solid walls that prevent prisoners from viewing the interiors of adjacent cells or having direct contact with prisoners in adjacent cells. All ADX cells have solid steel doors with a small slot. Cells in all units (other than H, Joker, and Kilo units) also have an interior barred wall with a sliding door, which together with the exterior door forms a sally port in each cell. Each cell is furnished with a modular concrete bed, desk, and stool, and a stainless steel combination sink and toilet. Cells in all units include a shower with an automatic shut-off valve. The beds have a thin mattress and blankets over the concrete. Each cell contains a single window, approximately 42 inches tall and four inches wide, which allows in some natural light, but which is designed to ensure that prisoners cannot see anything outside of their cells other than the building and sky. Many cells, except those in the SHU, are equipped with a radio and television that offers religious and educational programming, along with some general interest and recreational programming. Inmates wishing to take advantage of the educational program at ADX Supermax do so by tuning into specific learning channels on the television in their cell. There are no group classes. Televisions often are withheld from prisoners as punishment. Meals are delivered three times a day by guards. With few exceptions, prisoners in most ADX Supermax units are allowed out of their cells only for limited social or legal visits, some forms of medical treatment, visits to the law library and a few hours a week of indoor or outdoor recreation. With the possible exception of Range 13, the Control Unit is the most secure and isolated unit currently in use at ADX. Prisoners in the Control Unit are isolated from the other prisoners at all times, even during recreation, for extended terms often lasting six years or more. Their only meaningful contact with other humans is with ADX staff members. The compliance of Control Unit prisoners with institutional rules is assessed monthly. A prisoner is given credit for serving a month of his Control Unit time only if he maintains clear conduct for the entire month. Inmate Life For at least the first three years, ADX inmates remain isolated inside their cells on an average of 23 hours a day, including during meals. Inmates in the more secure cells have remote-controlled doors that lead to walkways, called dog runs, which open into a private recreation pen. The pen referred to as the empty swimming pool, is a concrete area with skylights, which inmates go to alone. There they can take about 10 steps in either direction or walk around thirty feet in a circle. Because of the inability for prisoners to see prison grounds from inside their cells or the recreation pen, it is nearly impossible for them to know where their cell is located inside the facility. The prison was designed this way to deter prison breakouts. Special Administrative Measures Many of the inmates are under Special Administrative Measures (SAM) to prevent the dissemination either of classified information that could endanger the national security or of other information that could lead to acts of violence and terrorism. Prison officials monitor and censor all inmate activity including all mail that is received, books, magazines and newspapers, phone calls and face-to-face visits. Phone calls are limited to one monitored 15-minute phone call per month. If prisoners adapt to the rules of ADX, they are permitted to have more exercise time, additional phone privileges and more television programming. The opposite is true if prisoners fail to adapt. Inmate Disputes In 2006, Olympic Park Bomber, Eric Rudolph contacted the Gazette of Colorado Springs through a series of letters describing the conditions at ADX Supermax as one meant to, inflict misery and pain. It is a closed-off world designed to isolate inmates from social and environmental stimuli, with the ultimate purpose of causing mental illness and chronic physical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and arthritis, he wrote in one letter. Hunger Strikes Throughout the prisons history, inmates have gone on hunger strikes to protest the harsh treatment that they receive. This is particularly true of foreign terrorists; by 2007, over 900 incidents of force-feeding of the striking prisoners had been documented. Suicide In May 2012, the family of Jose Martin Vega filed a lawsuit against the United States District Court for the District of Colorado alleging that Vega committed suicide while incarcerated at ADX Supermax because he was deprived of treatment for his mental illness. On June 18, 2012, a class-action lawsuit, Bacote v. Federal Bureau of Prisons, was filed alleging that the U.S. Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) was mistreating mentally ill prisoners at ADX Supermax. Eleven prisoners filed the case on behalf of all mentally ill prisoners at the facility. In December 2012, Michael Bacote asked to withdraw from the case. As a result, the first-named plaintiff is now Harold Cunningham, and the case name is now Cunningham v. Federal Bureau of Prisons. The complaint alleges that despite the BOPs own written policies, excluding the mentally ill from ADX Supermax because of its severe conditions, the BOP frequently assigns prisoners with mental illness there because of a deficient evaluation and screening process. Then, according to the complaint, mentally ill prisoners housed at ADX Supermax are denied constitutionally adequate treatment and services. According to the complaint Some prisoners mutilate their bodies with razors, shards of glass, sharpened chicken bones, writing utensils and whatever other objects they can obtain. Others swallow razor blades, nail clippers, broken glass, and other dangerous objects. Many engage in fits of screaming and ranting for hours on end. Others carry on delusional conversations with the voices they hear in their heads, oblivious to reality and the danger that such behavior might pose to them and to anyone who interacts with them. Still, others spread feces and other waste throughout their cells, throw it at the correctional staff and otherwise create health hazards at ADX. Suicide attempts are common; many have been successful. Escape artist Richard Lee McNair wrote to a journalist from his cell in 2009 to say: Thank God for prisons [...] There are some very sick people in here... Animals you would never want living near your family or the public in general. I dont know how corrections staff deal with it. They get spit on, s*** on, abused and I have seen them risk their lives and save a prisoner many times. The BOP to Access of Its Solitary Confinement Practices In February 2013 the Federal Bureau of Prisons  (BOP) agreed to a comprehensive and independent assessment of its use of solitary confinement in the nation’s federal prisons. The first-ever review of federal segregation policies comes after a hearing in 2012 on the human rights, fiscal and public safety consequences of solitary confinement. The assessment will be conducted by the National Institute of Corrections.

Social Media Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Media Assignment - Essay Example This takes place mostly during my free time and when contact a classmate who may be occupied in class or in the library. I make a total of 5 calls every 24 hours with 3 to my parents and other family members so as to know how they are doing and to inform them of my progress in class. 2 phone calls to my classmates and instructors in when a need arises. I spent part of my free time chatting and updating my status on the social media platforms available on my phone such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram and as a result of this I check my phone 10 times. I also use my Smartphone to check my emails and to send 2 mails per day to friends, family and for official purposes such as communicating with my tutors through Gmail. I update myself on the latest trends in music and fashion through videos posted in YouTube which accounts for 2 times in a day. Social media is a very strong and effective tool in marketing of products owing to the fact that the platform attracts many people especially the youth. I use my Smartphone to locate varieties of commodities. Through social media I am able to select the items that I need based on quality, color, price and brand. If how I use my Smartphone is to go by, then social media is very effective in the marketing of new products. Through the use of social media, companies have been able to make huge sales of their products as well as receiving instant responses in regard to the quality and nature of their products. The effectiveness of social media in marketing is seen on how it improves the loyalty of a given brand. Brands that engage in social media channels have been found to enjoy high degree of customer loyalty since it is a good platform to connect with the audience (Zarrella, 2010). The method is cost effective owing to the fact that one can access it through the use of their